Sid wants to buy a car, however, he is really confused. He is an advocate of environmental conservation by nature. He is worried that rapid globalisation and fast-developing technology combined could salvage what is left of the fossil fuel reserves. The amount of petroleum and petroleum products imported to India has increased by 25% to 307 billion liters over the last five years.
Little does know that India is more committed to going towards green energy than any other country in the world. India already has more than 178.79 Giga Watts of installed non-fossil fuel capacity (including large hydro), which accounts for nearly 43% of the nation's total capacity as of May 2023. This capacity has risen 396% in the last 8.5 years. In 2022, India's additions of renewable energy increased at the highest rate (by an average of 9.83%). India has set a goal to attain net-zero carbon emissions by 2070 and a reduction in the carbon intensity of the country's economy of less than 45% by the end of the decade.
Biofuels are an appealing alternative to current petroleum-based fuels because they may be used as transportation fuels with little modification to current technology and because they offer a large potential to increase sustainability and lower greenhouse gas emissions. The term "biofuel" refers to any liquid fuel that can be used in place of fuel derived from petroleum and is produced from sustainable biomass resources. In addition to being renewable, eco-friendly, and able to incorporate locally available raw resources, biofuels offer a sustainable energy system. Biofuels are defined as liquid, gaseous, and solid fuels that are mostly made from biomass. Biofuels include biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethanol, vegetable oils, biogas, bio-synthetic gas (bio-syngas), bio-oil and biohydrogen. The majority of conventional biofuels, such as ethanol from maize, wheat or sugar beets and biodiesel from oil seeds, are made from well-known agricultural food crops that require high-quality agricultural land to grow.
Bioethanol: Ethanol produced from biomass such as
Sugar-containing materials like sugarcane, sugar beet, sweet sorghum etc;
Starch-containing materials like corn, cassava, algae etc
Cellulosic materials like bagasse, wood waste, agricultural and forestry residue
Biodiesel: A methyl or ethyl ester of fatty acids produced from vegetable oils, both edible and non edible or animal fat of diesel quality.
Biobutanol: It is made from corn or molasses by fermentation involving C. acetobutylicum.
Biofuels classified as first-generation are made from food crops with the ability to create sugar, starch, and vegetable oil on a direct basis. Since second-generation biofuels are made from non-food crops like waste biomass, agricultural waste, and maize and wheat stalks, they can be distinguished from first-generation biofuels. Finally, third-generation biofuels, which are made of algae, are regarded as a very recent type of alternative fuel.
Through the use of locally available raw materials and renewable energy sources, biofuels offer a sustainable energy system. The process of fermentation, which involves bacteria converting simple sugars like glucose into compounds with added value through a variety of metabolic pathways, is the one that produces biofuels most frequently. In contrast to chemical processes, which require temperatures above 500°C, biofuel production may be done at low temperatures of 25 to 45 °C, which increases the efficiency of the entire procedure. When compared to energy obtained from fossil fuels, the project scope for biofuels ensures not only a decrease in carbon emissions but also the self-sufficiency of the raw materials. In simple terms, there are two types of fermentation: submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation.
The relevance of alternative fuels, such as biofuel, in accelerating the energy transition was stressed by union petroleum and natural gas minister Hardeep Singh Puri as the world's attention turned to India. With a focus on the industrial and transport sectors from 2030 to 2025, the Union Cabinet has advanced the mandate for a 20% ethanol blend in fuel and diesel. One of the goals of this phase is to assist India in realising its goal of being energy self-sufficient and carbon-neutral by the year 2070.
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